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CYBERCRIME & NETWORK SECURITY Steve Wheeler
Faculty of Education |
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INFORMATION SYSTEMS SECURITY A discipline that protects the
Confidentiality,
Integrity and
Availability
of information and information services
aka: Network Security, Computer Security, Information Assurance, Cyber Warfare |
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Cyber Warfare Sides have been taken:
By June 2006, 180,292
unique computer viruses
had been identified. **
There are approximately
150-250 new viruses
identified every month * * Source: Cybercrime by Steven Furnell (2002) p 154
** Source: (2006) www.sophos.com |
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Threats: Illicit Activities Hackers: enjoy intellectual challenges of overcoming software limitations and how to increase capabilities of systems
Crackers: illegally break into other people’s secure systems and networks
Cyber Terrorists: threaten and attack other people’s computers to further a social or political agenda |
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The challenge... ‘because it’s there!’
Ego
Espionage
Ideology
Mischief
Money (extortion or theft)
Revenge Motivation for Hackers: From Cybercrime by Steven Furnell (2002) p 55 |
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21 January 2003
Two years jail for UK virus writer who infected 27,000 PCs
Simon Vallor, the twenty-two year old web designer from North Wales who, in December 2002, pleaded guilty to writing and distributing three computer viruses, was today sentenced at Southwark Crown Court, London to a two year custodial sentence. His viruses - Gokar, Redesi and Admirer – were proven to have infected 27,000 PCs in 42 countries.
"Vallor's actions were comparable to those of a vandal gaining illegal entry to businesses across the world and then interfering with thousands of their PCs. His sentence reflects the severity of his crime and it's reassuring to computer users that the UK courts are treating cybercriminals on a par with more traditional offenders," said Graham Cluley, senior technology consultant, Sophos Anti-Virus. "Around 800 new viruses are cropping up each month - this level of activity requires a lot of virus writers. Perhaps Vallor's sentence will focus some minds and make virus writers think twice before unleashing their malicious code." Source: www.sophos.com |
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Threats: Illicit Activities Malware Writers: responsible for the creation of malicious software
Samurai: hackers hired to legally enter secure computer/network environments
‘Phreakers’: Focus on defeating telephone systems and associated communication technologies |
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Threats: Illicit Activities ‘Phishing’: sending out ‘scam’ e-mails with the criminal intent of deceit and extortion
Spam: unsolicited and/or undesired bulk e-mail messages, often ‘selling’ a product (See also SPIM – targeting of instant messaging services)
Zombie Computers: Yours? |
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Real Time Analysis Spam |
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Zombie BotNets Botnet is a jargon term for a collection of software robots, or ‘bots, which run autonomously. This can also refer to the network of computers using distributed computing software.
While the term "botnet" can be used to refer to any group of bots, the word is generally used to refer to a collection of compromised machines (zombies) running programs, usually referred to as worms, Trojan horses, or backdoors, under a common command and control infrastructure. A botnet's originator (aka "bot herder") can control the group remotely, and usually for nefarious purposes such as the sending of mass spam. Source: www.wikipedia.org |
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Phishing Phishing is a technique used by strangers to "fish" for information about you, information that you would not normally disclose to a stranger, such as your bank account number, PIN, and other personal identifiers such as your National Insurance number. These messages often contain company/bank logos that look legitimate and use flowery or legalistic language about improving security by confirming your identity details.
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Phishing example |
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Exercise 1 What do you think are the characteristics of Hackers? |
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Predominantly male
Aged from mid-teens to mid-twenties
Lacking in social skills
Fascination or obsession with computers
Underachiever in other areas who sees computing as a means of being important or powerful
Hacker Characteristics Source: Cybercrime by Steven Furnell (2002) p 47 |
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Threats: MALWARE Malware is Malicious Software - deliberately created and specifically designed to damage, disrupt or destroy network services, computer data and software.
There are several types... |
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Malware Types Viruses:
Conceal themselves
Infect computer systems
Replicate themselves
Deliver a ‘payload’ |
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Worms:
Programs that are capable of independently propagating throughout a computer network.
They replicate fast and consume large amounts of the host computers memory. Malware Types |
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Trojan Horses:
Programs that contain hidden functionality that can harm the host computer and the data it contains.
THs are not automatic replicators - computer users inadvertently set them off. Malware Types |
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Software Bombs:
Time Bombs - triggered by a specific time/date
Logic Bombs - triggered by a specific event
Both are introduced some time before and will damage the host system Malware Types |
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Exercise 2 What do you think motivates Malware writers to create and unleash these attacks? |
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To see how far the virus can spread
To cause damage and destruction to a targeted individual or organisation
To achieve a feeling of superiority/power
To leverage some form of personal gain
To provide a ‘lesson’ in Internet security
To conduct an experiment
Malware Writer Motivations Source: Cybercrime by Steven Furnell (2002) p 150 |
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Threats: DEFACING WEBSITES Hackers can leave their ‘graffiti’ on other people’s websites. Many sites have fallen foul of this activity:
FBI and CIA
NASA
British Labour and Conservative Parties
New York Times |
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Threats: DEFACING WEBSITES Spice Girls Website Hacked and Defaced 1999 |
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Threats: DEFACING WEBSITES Conservative Party Website Hacked and Defaced 1997 |
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Threats: DOMAIN HACKING Aljazeera TV Website Hacked and Defaced 2003 |
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Treat your password like you treat your toothbrush. Never give it to anyone else to use, and change it every few months. A final word: |
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