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Motivation Theory |
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Slide 2 :
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Motivation Definition:
1) Internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need
2) Stimulus of behavior |
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Motivation Theories Content Theories: focus on the internal needs and desires that initiate, sustain and eventually terminate behavior.
WHAT motivates someone
Process Theories: seek to explain HOW behavior is initiated, sustained and terminated |
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Content Theories Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need
Alderfer’s ERG Theory
Herzberg’s 2-Factor Theory
McClelland’s Learned Needs Theory |
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Definitions Frustration: occurs when needs can not be met
Satisfaction: occurs when needs are met
Despair: occurs when there is frustration without hope
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Stresses two fundamental premises:
Human beings are wanting creatures whose needs depend on what they already have. (You need what you DON’T already have)
Peoples’ needs are arranged in a hierarchy |
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Maslow 5th level: Self realization and fulfillment
4th level: Esteem and Status
3rd level: Affection and social activity
2nd level: Safety and security
1st level: Basic physiological needs |
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Alderfer’s ERG Theory Only 3 levels to the hierarchy:
Existence needs: material and physical needs
Relatedness needs: all needs that involve other people
Growth needs: all needs involving creative efforts and/or productive contributions
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Herzberg’s 2-Factor Theory Starts with the questions of what satisfies and dissatisfies people about their work
Assumes the answers to those questions are key to understanding motivation
Job Satisfaction consists of two separate and independent dimensions:
Satisfiers or motivators
Dissatisfiers or maintenance factors |
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Dissatisfiers/Maintenance Factors Presence is not motivational. Absences causes dissatisfaction
Policies
Salary
Interpersonal relationships
Job security
Work conditions
Status
Technical supervision
Personal life
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Satisfiers/Motivators Not unhappy if they are absent; willing to work to get them
Achievement
Recognition
Advancement
The work itself
Possibility of growth
Responsibility |
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Mc Clelland’s Learned Needs Theory People learn their needs through life experience
3 sets of needs:
Need for Achievement: need to excel
Need for Power: need to control or influence others
Need for Affiliation: need to associate with others. Form interpersonal relationships |
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Process Theories Focus on how individuals’ expectations and preferences for outcomes associated with their performance actually influence performance. |
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Vroom’s Expectancy Theory Vroom theorized that people are not only driven by their needs, but they make choices about what they will and will not do to fulfill their needs based on 3 conditions: |
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Vroom’s Conditions Person must believe that effort to perform at a particular level will make the desired performance or behavior more likely
Desired performance or behavior must lead to some concrete outcome or reward
Person must value the outcome |
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